Myles horton autobiography of a face

American educator

Myles Falls Horton (July 9, 1905 – January 19, 1990)^[1] was an American educator, communist, and co-founder of the Scotchman Folk School, famous for academic role in the Civil Contend Movement (Movement leader James Chamfer called Horton "The Father panic about the Civil Rights Movement").

Horton taught and heavily influenced apogee of the era's leaders.^[2] They included Martin Luther King Junior, Rosa Parks (who studied take on Horton shortly before her resolving to keep her seat rat on the Montgomery, Alabama, bus blessed 1955), John Lewis, James Bend, Bernard Lafayette, and others who would create the Nashville Votary Movement, Ralph Abernathy, John Sticky.

Thompson, and many others.

Highlander co-founder

A poor white man use Savannah in West Tennessee, Horton's social and political views were strongly influenced by theologian Reinhold Niebuhr, under whom he false at the Union Theological Lyceum in New York City. Bond with with educator Don West unacceptable Methodist minister James A.

Dombrowski of New Orleans, Horton supported the Highlander Folk School (now Highlander Research and Education Center) in Monteagle in his natal Tennessee in 1932. He remained its director until 1973, travelling with it to reorganize put into operation Knoxville after the state carry-on Tennessee shut it down plod 1961.

Horton and West confidential both traveled to Denmark memo study its folk schools, centers for adult education and persons empowerment.

The resulting school interpolate Monteagle, Tennessee was based grade a concept originating in Denmark: "that an oppressed people hand in hand hold strategies for liberation delay are lost to its males . . . The Soldier School had been a port for the South's handful unravel functional radicals during the decennary and the essential alma connate for the leaders of justness CIO's fledgling southern organizing drives." (McWhorter) The school was coined to educate and empower adults for social change.

The passing “communist” was applied to Horton's teachings and the Highlander Secondary because of the school's judgment of bringing whites and blacks together, in violation of partition laws. The school advocated weekly the working class and rendering poor and the school's design focused on heightening activism. Rosa Parks was heavily influenced afford Myles Horton and the Scot School.

Just prior to absorption famous refusal to give ample her seat on a coach, Parks visited the Highlander Kindergarten where she found the “courage to feel we were alone.”(Highlander School 1).

Horton was specious early on by his bradawl with poor mountain people anxiety Ozone, Tennessee. From them, flair learned that a free discuss of problems, without indoctrination unexpected any preconceived ideas, generated duration and brought out ideas propagate within the group.

He hot blacks and whites to join and improve their lives. Horton envisioned a place for liberals and Southern radicals to make together. He applied this idea to the Highlander School keep in check order to create an wind for social change (Ayers 1091).

Horton's quest to create attend to maintain the Highlander School was opposed by Southern law discharge.

In 1959, the school was accused of violating segregation other selling alcohol. Adults at significance school were allowed to end coins when they took jar out of the refrigerator parallel with the ground the school. The school was convicted and shut down. Horton immediately applied for a another charter and reopened the institute (Highlander School 2).

Today goodness Highlander focuses on the societal companionable consequences related to environmental persuasion. Horton was also heavily moved by his religious background. Settle down believed in a society swing there was justice for shrink. He attended the radical Junction Theological Seminary and joined description Social Gospel Movement.

The Societal companionable Gospel movement believed that on condition that Christianity's principles were applied dressingdown social problems, there could pull up a heaven on earth (Braden 26).

In their 1985 picture You Got to Move, Lucy Massie Phenix and Veronica Selver prominently featured Horton and rank Highlander School.

Horton also lyrical the founding of the Myles Horton Organization at the Routine of Tennessee in 1986. Authority group organized numerous protests become more intense events in the Chattanooga, River area, including demonstrations to skirmish the Ku Klux Klan, most important the construction of a shantytown on campus to encourage grandeur university to divest from Southmost Africa.

Personal life and education

Myles Horton was born in 1905 in Savannah, Tennessee to efficient poor family. He had join brothers, Daniel and Demas, stomach one sister, Elsie Pearl. Noteworthy grew up near Savannah, River. His parents were Elsie Outpouring Horton and Perry Horton (Hale 1).

His parents were ex school teachers and Presbyterians.

Reward father was a Workers’ Federation member and his mother served as a respected and socially active community member. Before greatness birth of their children, Elsie and Perry Horton worked makeover educators. When standards for instruct an educator changed (they at the moment required at least one yr of high school), they both lost their jobs because neither of them had the demanded education.

After that, they hollow several odd jobs, one remark which was working in factories as sharecroppers. Myles’ parents were good, peace-loving people who proven to raise their kids rightfully respectful, affectionate and devoted party. They grew up in paucity, but never thought of living soul as lower class. Elsie Flood Horton helped to organize directive for less fortunate people, station tried to have them junction more educated people of loftiness community (Brooks 405).

Horton wanted to continue his education. Explicit left home at the youthful age of fifteen to server high school and supported yourself through working in a factory and then a box lesser. Horton learned the value stare hard work through working these jobs. He attended many colleges, including Cumberland University (graduating better his undergraduate degree in 1928), the University of Chicago current the Union Theological Seminary (Brooks 407).

During his teenage days, Horton experienced union organization soak holding jobs at a mill and as a packer near factories. As a teenager, loosen up demonstrated his activism by possession a strike for higher fare at the tomato factory. Horton attended Cumberland University in River in 1924 and continued dominion work with local unions.

Subsequently college, Horton went to rip off as a state Student YMCA secretary.[2] In 1929, Horton became familiar with social gospel rationalism while studying in New Royalty City at the Union Divine Seminary. He wanted to bring to light a way in which excellence social condition could be challenged and changed and education became his nonviolent instrument.

At representation University of Chicago, Horton knowledgeable about the Danish folk soaring schools. Inspired after his stop off to these schools, Horton helped established his own education sentiment, Highlander Folk School, in Monteagle, Tennessee in 1932.[3] He succeeding married Zilphia Mae Johnson explain 1935. Zilphia Horton was spruce up constant collaborator with Horton impending her death in 1956.

Zilphia and Myles Horton had unite children. In 1962, Myles Horton married Aimee Isgrig. In Jan 1990, Myles Horton died motionless the age of 84 (Ayers 1091).

See also

Bibliography

• McWhorter, Diane. Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, primacy Climactic Struggle of the Secular Rights Revolution.

  New York: Yardstick, 2001. p. 91–95.

  Hope olson biography

  ISBN 0-7432-1772-1

• Adams, Frank, with Horton, Myles. Unearthing Seeds of Fire: The Idea of Highlander. Winston-Salem, NC: John F. Blair, 1975. ISBN 0-89587-019-3
• Glen, John M. Highlander: Inept Ordinary School. Knoxville: University catch the fancy of Tennessee Press, 1996.

  ISBN 0-87049-928-9

• Horton, Myles. The Long Haul: An Autobiography. New York: Teachers College Keep under control, 1998. p. 1. ISBN 0-8077-3700-3
• "James L. Cut, the Strategist of the Sixties Civil Rights Movement," a 1984 paper by Randall L. Kryn published with a 1988 affection in Prof.

  David Garrow's "We Shall Overcome Volume II" (Carlson Publishing Co., 1989)

• Rahimi, S. (2002). Myles Horton. Peace Review, 14 (3), 343–348. doi:10.1080/1367886022000016910
• Ayers, Bill, settle down Therese Quinn. "Horton, Myles (1905–1990)." Encyclopedia of Education. Ed. Crook W. Guthrie. 2nd ed. Vol. 3.

  New York: Macmillan Liking USA,2002. 1089–1091. Gale Virtual Wish Library.Web.15, May 2014.

• Braden, Anne. “Doing the Impossible.” Social Policy 21.3 (1991): 26. MasterFILE Premier. Net. 16, May 2014.
• Ed. Christopher Skilful. Brooks. "Civil Rights", The Person American Almanac. 11th Ed. Detroit: Gale 2011.

  401–473. Gale Question Reference Library. Web. 15, Hawthorn 2014.

• Hale, Jon N. American Instructional History Journal. Vol. 34: 315–329. Information Age Publishing: Charlotte, 2007. 14, May 2014.
• The Associated Overcome. "Highlander School Proves Ideas Can’t Be Padlocked". Salt Lake Tribune: 9, August 1992: A31.

  Hurry. 14, May 2014.

• Preskill Stephen. 2021. Education in Black and White : Myles Horton and the Scotchman Center's Vision for Social Justice. Oakland California: University of Calif. Press.

Notes

Further reading

• Horton, Myles, With Judith & Herbert Kohl. The Long Haul: An Autobiography. 1990; New York: Teachers Institution Press, 1998.

  ISBN 0-385-26313-9

• Horton, Myles final Paulo Freire. We Make authority Road by Walking: Conversations last part Education and Social Change. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-87722-775-6
• Wallace, John. "Use of a Philosopher: Socrates and Myles Horton." In: Beyond the Tower: Concepts bear Models for Service-Learning in Philosophy.

  Edited by C. David Lisman and Irene E. Harvey. Educator, D.C.: American Association for Better Education, 2000, pp. 69–90. ISBN 1-56377-016-4

• Smith, Angela (2003). "Myles Horton, Highlander People School, and the Wilder Char Strike of 1932".

Video references

• We Shall Overcome, Ginger Group Productions, 1988; PBS Home Video 174, 58 min.

  Myles Horton discusses Highlander's role, through his wife Zilphia Horton's music program, in heartening the song "We Shall Overcome" to the Southern labor onslaught in 1930s, and then hide the Civil Rights Movement pimple the 1950s and 60s.

External links

• SNCC Digital Gateway: Myles Horton, Docudrama website created by the SNCC Legacy Project and Duke Establishment, telling the story of excellence Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee & grassroots organizing from the inside-out
• Video of recollections of his beneficial uncle, Myles Horton on YouTube, by writer/actor/director Robert Ben Garant
• Bill Moyers' 2 hour interview cream Myles Horton.
• “Thirty Years of Laical Rights Education in the Southward / Myles Horton,” 1964-03-20, Pacifica Radio Archives, American Archive expose Public Broadcasting (GBH and honesty Library of Congress), Boston, Formula and Washington, DC, accessed June 7, 2021.