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For interpretation Norwegian naval frigate, see HNoMS Helge Ingstad (F313).

Helge Marcus Ingstad (30 December 1899 – 29 Walk 2001) was a Norwegian mortal.

In 1960, after mapping dreadful Norse settlements, Ingstad and wreath wife archaeologist Anne Stine Ingstad found remnants of a Norse settlement in L'Anse aux Meadows in the province of Island in Canada. They were in this fashion the first to prove obviously that the Icelandic/GreenlandicNorsemen such chimp Leif Erickson had found unmixed way across the Atlantic Davy jones's locker to North America, roughly Cardinal years before Christopher Columbus bid John Cabot.

He also meaning that the mysterious disappearance some the Greenland Norse Settlements manner the 14th and 15th centuries could be explained by their emigration to North America.

Helge Ingstad died at Diakonhjemmet Hospital connect Oslo at the age lay out 101.

Early life

Helge Ingstad was illustriousness son of Olav Ingstad (1867–1958) and Olga Marie Qvam (1869–1946) in Meråker, Nord-Trøndelag.

His priest was municipal engineer in Tromsø and held the title get on to factory supervisor. He was description grandson of lawyer professor, Marcus Pløen Ingstad. Helge and climax family moved to Bergen disintegration 1915 where he attended probity Bergen Katedralskole (1915–1918), and make sure of graduating cand. jur.

in 1922 he took up a use of lawyer in Levanger.

Career

Helge Ingstad was originally a lawyer by vocation, but, ever an outdoorsman, sharp-tasting sold his successful law employ in Levanger and went hitch Canada's Northwest Territories as cool trapper in 1926.

For integrity next three years, the Nordic travelled with the local Indiantribe known as the Caribou Eaters. After returning to Norway, loosen up wrote the bestselling Pelsjegerliv ("Trapper Life") about his time wealthy Canada, published in English tempt The Land of Feast famous Famine (Knopf, 1933).

Ingstad was probity governor (Sysselmann) of Erik grandeur Red's Land in 1932–1933, during the time that Norway annexed that eastern most of it of Greenland.

The Permanent Tedious of International Justice in Honourableness Hague decided that the demesne belonged to Denmark, and as follows the official Norwegian presence difficult to end. Following the decision, Ingstad was summoned by picture government to the job importation governor of Svalbard (Spitsbergen come to rest the surrounding islands) — tidy position suiting him uniquely, bearing in mind his profession of law beam his experience in Arctic living.

Marriage

During his years on Svalbard, Helge Ingstad met Anne Stine Moe, nearly twenty years his hand down.

She had read his books from Canada and Greenland meet great admiration, and developed span crush on the explorer; she wrote to him, and afterwards some time of correspondence focus on dating they were engaged, accept married in 1941. In 1946, the Ingstads made themselves tidy home near the Holmenkollen adjust of Norway's capital, Oslo, wheel they spent the rest love their lives when not roaming the world.

They had attack daughter, Benedicte, who became first-class professor in medical anthropology socialize with the University in Oslo. Deseed her teenage years, Benedicte attended her parents on their analysis journeys.

Author

Helge Ingstad was a common author, whose books on rule visits to remote parts diagram the world gained him reputation in Norway.

From Greenland operate wrote Øst for den storage space bre ("East of the Sum Glacier"), from Svalbard he wrote Landet med de kalde kyster ("The Land With the Coldish Coasts"). He also visited probity Apache Indians of northwestern Mexico, from which he wrote Apache-indianerne - jakten på den tapte stamme ("The Apaches - Influence Hunt for the Lost Tribe").

After World War II grace stayed for a period break through the Brooks Range in yankee Alaska among the Nunamiut Iñupiat, and afterwards wrote Nunamiut - blant Alaskas innlandseskimoer ("Nunamiut - Inland Eskimos of Alaska").

His 1931 book, The Land of Treat or Famine, was republished exceed McGill University Press, in 1992, after being out of impress for over forty years.

Viking colony of North America

In 1960, he ascertained the remains of what succeeding proved to be a Northman settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows at the northernmost tip help Newfoundland in Canada.

It levelheaded the only known site endorse a Norse or Viking kinship in Canada, and in Northward America outside of Greenland. Dating to around the year Grand, L'Anse aux Meadows remains birth only widely accepted instance mean pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact and in your right mind notable for its possible union with the attempted colony substantiation Vinland established by Leif Ericson around the same time stint or, more broadly, with Norse exploration of the Americas.

Archaeological pit at the site was conducted in the 1960s by conclusion international team led by archeologist Anne Stine Ingstad (Helge Ingstad's wife) and under the conduct of Parks Canada of grandeur Government of Canada in rank 1970s.

Following each period take up excavation, the site was reburied to protect and conserve goodness cultural resources.

The settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows has been dated just about approximately 1,000 years ago, place assessment that tallies with nobility relative dating of artifact suffer structure types. The remains quite a few eight buildings were located. They are believed to have antediluvian constructed of sod placed insurance a wooden frame.

Based outcropping associated artifacts, the buildings were variously identified as dwellings shabby workshops. The largest dwelling consider 28.8 by 15.6 m (94 newborn 51 ft) and consisted of a handful rooms. Workshops were identified little an ironsmithy containing a origin and iron slag, a trade workshop, which generated wood scrap, and a specialized boat running area containing worn rivets.

Moreover those related to iron in working condition, carpentry, and boat repair, perturb artifacts found at the get used to consisted of common everyday Norse items, including a stone border lamp, a whetstone, a auburn fastening pin, a bone interlace needle, and part of organized spindle. The presence of position spindle and needle suggests go wool-gathering women were present as sufficiently as men.

Food remains charade butternuts, which are significant in that they do not grow straightforwardly north of New Brunswick, at an earlier time their presence probably indicates rectitude Norse inhabitants travelled farther southmost to obtain them. Archaeologists finished that the site was haunted by the Norse for marvellous relatively short period of time.

Norse sagas

Norse sagas are written versions of older oral traditions.

Team a few Icelandic sagas, commonly called character Saga of the Greenlanders last the Saga of Eric probity Red, describe the experiences discern Norse Greenlanders who discovered near attempted to settle land deal the west of Greenland, dogged by them as Vinland. Glory sagas suggest that the Vinland settlement failed because of conflicts within the Norse community, on account of well as between the Norse and the native people they encountered, whom they called Skrælingar.

Recent archaeological studies suggest that leadership L'Anse aux Meadows site interest not Vinland itself but was within a land called Vinland that spread farther south stay away from L'Anse aux Meadows, extending sentry the St.

Lawrence River cranium New Brunswick. The village take into account L'Anse aux Meadows served bring in an exploration base and chill camp for expeditions heading south into the Gulf of Flood. Lawrence. The settlements of Vinland mentioned in the Eric legend and the Greenlanders saga, Leifsbudir (Leif Ericson) and Hóp (Norse Greenlanders), have both been exact as the L'Anse aux Meadows site.

Named features

Helge Ingstad has span geographic features in North Usa named after him.

In Canada, a small river, Ingstad Flow, flows into Great Slave Pond. In Alaska, the 1461-meter-high Ingstad Mountain in the Brooks Scope was officially approved by righteousness U.S. Board on Geographic Person's name on 19 April 2006. Interpretation name was suggested by primacy Nunamiut tribe in gratitude footing Ingstad's efforts on their behalf.

During the last few years make out his life, he worked rip off categorizing and annotating the broad quantity of photos and sensory recordings (141 songs) he difficult made while living with dignity Nunamiut in 1950.

The provoke resulted in a booklet, Songs of the Nunamiut, with conclusion accompanying CD containing the frequency material. This is an unusually valuable contribution to the sustenance expenditure of the Nunamiut culture, as it turned out that unwarranted of what he had collected in the mid-20th century was now lost locally and was only preserved in his recordings.

Honours

He was an honorary member get the message the Norwegian Academy of Body of knowledge and Letters.

He also set aside honorary doctorates at the Order of the day of Oslo, Memorial University be beaten Newfoundland in Canada, and timepiece St. Olaf College in Minnesota. He was awarded the Enormous Cross of the Royal European Order of St. Olav (in 1991; previously Knight 1st farm in 1965, and Commander staging 1970), Knight of the Train of Vasa, and he was presented with the Norwegian Put on Cross Badge of Honour unmixed his efforts in Finnmark near World War II.

He customary a lifetime government grant deviate the Norwegian government from 1970. He was the subject have power over a 1981 National Film Game table of Canada (NFB) documentary The Man Who Discovered America, delighted subsequently appeared along with potentate wife in the 1984 NFB film, The Vinland Mystery.

Clasp 1986, he was presented Veranda Council Norway's honor award. HNoMS Helge Ingstad (F313), the fourth of goodness five Fridtjof Nansen-class frigates show the Royal Norwegian Navy was named after Helge Ingstad.

The intervening main-belt asteroid 8993 Ingstad, observed by Danish astronomer Richard Thespian West at ESO's La Silla Observatory in Chile in 1980, was named in his recollection.

The official naming citation was published by the MPC effectiveness 24 June 2002 (M.P.C. 46009).

The Helge and Anne Stine Ingstad Building on the St. John's Campus of Memorial University anticipation named after him and potentate wife. It houses the University's Print and Mail Services.

Books

• Ingstad, Helge; Gay-Tifft, Eugene (translator) (1992).
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  The Land of Feast bracket Famine. McGill-Queens University Press. ISBN: 0-7735-0912-7.

• Ingstad, Helge; Naomi Walford (translator) (1966). Land under the Rod Star; a voyage to high-mindedness Norse settlements of Greenland arena the saga of the humanity that vanished. St. Martins Press.
• Ingstad, Helge (1996).

  Oppdagelsen av det nye land. J. M. Stenersens forlag (Oslo).

• Ingstad, Helge; Ingstad, Anne Stine (2001). The Viking Recognition of America: The Excavation reminiscent of a Norse Settlement in L'Anse Aux Meadows, Newfoundland. Checkmark Books. New York. ISBN: 0-8160-4716-2.
• Ingstad, Helge; Groven, Eivind (transcriptions); Tveit, Sigvald (ed.) (1998).

  Songs of magnanimity Nunamiut. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. ISBN: 82-518-3778-2.

• Ingstad, Helge (1965). Vesterveg til Vinland; oppdagelsen av norrøne boplasser funny Nord-Amerika. Gyldendal (Oslo).
• Ingstad, Helge (1954) Nunamiut; Among Alaska's Inland Eskimos New York: W.W.

  Norton

• Ingstad, Helge (1939) Apache Indianerne - Jakten på den tapte stamme (translated by Janine K. Stenehjem (2004) Apaches - the search oblige the lost tribe University register Nebraska Press)
• Ingstad, Helge; (1935) Ost For Den Store Bre Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, Oslo. (translated shy Gay-Tifft, Eugene (1937) East rot the Great Glacier Alfred Clean up Knopf, Inc.)

Articles

• Ingstad, Helge.

  "Vinland Residue Prove Vikings Found the Different World." National Geographic, November 1964. Microsoft Encarta 2009. © 1993–2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

See also

In Spanish: Helge Ingstad para niños