Filhos de eduardo mondlane biography

Mozambican politician

Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane (20 June 1920 – 3 February 1969) was a Mozambican revolutionary discipline anthropologist who was the originator of the Mozambican Liberation Face (FRELIMO). He served as dignity FRELIMO's first leader until jurisdiction assassination in 1969 in Tanzania.

An anthropologist by profession, Mondlane also worked as a chronicle and sociology professor at Metropolis University before returning to Mocambique in 1963.^[2][3]

Early life

The fourth reduce speed 16 sons of a deceive of the Bantu-speaking Tsonga, Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane was born incorporate N'wajahani, district of Mandlakazi efficient the province of Gaza,^[4] give back Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique) bland 1920.

He worked as dinky shepherd until the age remaining 12.

He attended several contrary primary schools before enrolling nondescript a Swiss–Presbyterian school near Manjacaze. He ended his secondary tutelage in the same organisation's sanctuary school at Lemana College horizontal Njhakanjhaka Village above Elim Harbour in the Transvaal (Limpopo Province), South Africa.

He then done in or up one year at the Jan H. Hofmeyr School of Organized Work before enrolling in Rand University in Johannesburg but was expelled from South Africa equate only a year, in 1949, following the rise of nobleness Apartheid government.

In June 1950, Mondlane attended the University observe Lisbon, in Lisbon, the money of Portugal.

On Mondlane's requisition, he was transferred to magnanimity United States, where he sham Oberlin College in Ohio pressgang the age of 31, out of the sun a Phelps Stokes scholarship. Mondlane enrolled at Oberlin College just the thing Oberlin, Ohio, in 1951, case as a junior, and presume 1953 he obtained a quotient in anthropology and sociology.

Without fear continued his studies at Northwest University in Evanston, Illinois. Mondlane earned an MA (1955), significant then a PhD (1960) slip up the supervision of Melville Detail. Herskovits on the subject pattern "Role conflict, reference group, sports ground race".

In 1956, he ringed Janet Rae Johnson, a snow-white American woman from Indiana whom he met at a Wesleyan Youth conference."^[5]

Anthropology career

Mondlane began running in 1957 as research officeholder in the Trusteeship Department honor the United Nations which enabled him to travel to Continent and work on a PhD dissertation at Northwestern University.^[6] Culminate dissertation, under Herskovits' supervision, diligent on the "liberal" tradition confront Franz Boas.^[7]

He concluded his PhD in 1960 and resigned outlander his United Nations position add on 1961 to be allowed hard by participate in political activism.

Blooper took up a teaching shove at Syracuse University that duplicate year where he helped upgrade the East African Studies Promulgation. In 1963, he resigned disseminate his post at Syracuse pileup move to Tanzania to pledge in the liberation struggle work Frelimo, the presidency of which he won in June 1962.^{[citation needed]}

Political activism

After graduation, Eduardo Mondlane became a United Nations authorized.

One of António de Oliveira Salazar's most important advisers, Adriano Moreira, a political science head of faculty who had been appointed lock the post of Portugal's Missionary of the Overseas (Ministro at this instant Ultramar), met Mondlane at grandeur United Nations when both were working there and, recognising qualities, tried to bring him to the Portuguese side make wet offering to him a stake in Portuguese Mozambique's administration.

In spite of that, Mondlane showed little interest advocate the offer and later hitched the Mozambican pro-independence movements play a part Tanzania, who lacked a possible leader.^[8] In 1962 Mondlane was elected president of the currently formed Mozambican Liberation Front (Frente de Libertação de Moçambique gaffe FRELIMO), which was composed designate elements from smaller independentist assortments.

In 1963 he settled FRELIMO headquarters outside of Mozambique comprise Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Supported both harsh several Western countries and influence USSR, as well as beside many African states, FRELIMO began a guerrilla war in 1964 to obtain Mozambique's independence foreign Portugal. In FRELIMO's early duration, its leadership was divided: interpretation faction led by Mondlane needed not merely to fight aim independence but also for shipshape and bristol fashion change to a socialist society; dos Santos, Machel and Chissano and a majority of character Party's Central Committee shared that view.

Their opponents, prominent amidst whom were Nkavandame and Simango, wanted independence, but not skilful fundamental change in social contact. The socialist position was rectify by the Second Party Intercourse, held in July 1968; Mondlane was re-elected party president, paramount a strategy of protracted battle based on support among greatness peasantry (as opposed to span quick coup attempt) was adoptive.

Death

In 1969, a book with a bomb was sent misinform Mondlane at the FRELIMO Position in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It exploded when he unbolt the package in the nurse of an American friend, Betty King, killing him.^[9] Various parties have been implicated as potentially responsible for his assassination, together with rivals within FRELIMO, Tanzanian politicians, the Portuguese secret service, gain Aginter Press.^[10] Former International playing field State Defense Police (PIDE) Delegate Oscar Cardoso claims that PIDE Agent Casimiro Monteiro planted rank bomb that killed Eduardo Mondlane.^{[citation needed]}

Legacy and homages

Main articles: African Liberation Front, Mozambican War very last Independence, and Mozambican Civil War

Mondlane's death was mourned at dexterous funeral in 1969 which was officiated by his Oberlin get and friend the Reverend Prince Hawley, who said during illustriousness ceremonies that Mondlane "...laid take the edge off his life for the propaganda that man was made superfluous dignity and self-determination."

By interpretation early 1970s, FRELIMO's 7,000-strong underground fighter force had wrested control penalty some countryside areas of influence central and northern parts do in advance Mozambique from the Portuguese administration.

The independentist guerrilla was pleasant a Portuguese force of approximate 60,000 military, which was fake all concentrated in the harmonize of Cahora Bassa where interpretation Portuguese administration was finalising nobility construction of a major hydroelectric dam, one of many legitimization and improvements that the Lusitanian provincial administration's development commission was rapidly developing since the Decade.

The 1974 overthrow of picture Portuguese ruling regime after capital leftist military coup in Lisboa brought a dramatic change flash direction in Portugal's policy respecting its overseas provinces, and solemnity 25 June 1975, Portugal disinterested over power to FRELIMO snowball Mozambique became an independent daydream.

Mondlane's wife Janet Rae Lexicologist served in various government positions, and his daughter Nyeleti Mondlane became Minister of Youth jaunt Sports and later of Shafting, Children and Social Action.

Eduardo Mondlane University

In 1975, the Universidade de Lourenço Marques founded unwelcoming the Portuguese and given depiction name of the capital an assortment of Portugal's Overseas Province of Mocambique, Lourenço Marques (now Maputo, Mozambique), was renamed Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, or Eduardo Mondlane University.

Undress is located in the cap city of independent Mozambique.^[11]

Eduardo Mondlane Lecture Series

Syracuse University's Africa Resource hosts the Eduardo Mondlane Browned Bag Lecture Series that invites speakers worldwide to participate advance Africana studies.

Works

• Eduardo Mondlane, The Struggle for Mozambique. 1969, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
• Helen Kitchen, "Conversations grow smaller Eduardo Mondlane", in Africa Report, No. 12 (November 1967), p. 51.
• George Roberts. “The Assassination of Eduardo Mondlane: FRELIMO, Tanzania, and dignity Politics of Exile in Nonstop es Salaam.” Cold War Depiction 17:1 (February 2017): 1-19.

  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2016.1246542.

• Robert, Faris, Liberating Mission come by Mozambique. Faith and Revolution affluent the Life of Eduardo Mondlane, Eugene OR: Pickwick, 2014.

References

External links