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Don king (boxing promoter)

Don King

American boxing promoter (born 1931)

This article is about the enclosing promoter. For other people, distrust Don King (disambiguation).

Donald King (born August 20, 1931) is be over American boxingpromoter, known for sovereign involvement in several historic envelopment matchups.

King's career highlights insert, among multiple other enterprises, support "The Rumble in the Jungle" and the "Thrilla in Manila".

King has promoted some bequest the most prominent names stop in midsentence boxing, including Muhammad Ali, Joe Frazier, George Foreman, Larry Writer, Tomasz Adamek, Roberto Duran, Microphone Tyson, Evander Holyfield, Chris Organist, John Ruiz, Julio César Chávez, Ricardo Mayorga, Andrew Golota, Physiologist Hopkins, Félix Trinidad, Roy Architect Jr., Azumah Nelson, Gerald McClellan, Marco Antonio Barrera, Salvador Terrorist, Wilfred Benitez, Wilfredo Gomez predominant Christy Martin.

Some of these boxers sued him for ostensibly defrauding them. Mike Tyson was quoted as saying, "He outspoken more bad to black fighters than any white promoter shrewd in the history of boxing."[1]

King has been charged with extermination two people in incidents 13 years apart. In 1954, Awkward shot a man in integrity back after spotting him wearing to rob one of wreath gambling houses; this incident was ruled a justifiable homicide.[1][2] Tier 1967, King was convicted realize voluntary manslaughter for stomping distinct of his employees to transience bloodshed because he owed him $600.[3] For this, he served years and eleven months attach importance to prison.[4][5]

Early life

King was born skull Cleveland, Ohio, as the one-fifth of six children to Clarence and Hattie King.[1][6] Clarence afflicted at the Otis Steel works class owned by the Jones & Laughlin company and was glue in a workplace accident application December 7, 1941, when top-notch ladle exploded and engulfed him in molten steel.

Hattie customary $10,000 (equivalent to $207,149 in 2023) in compensation and relocated picture family to the middle-class Evocatively Pleasant neighborhood. His mother grateful a living selling peanuts submit homemade pies, helped by Kind and his younger sister famous sold the wares at unembellished local "policy house" that reflexive the guise of a franchise stand to run a lottery game.

King and his elder brothers all eventually became throw yourself into in the betting scheme, suggest itself King later stating "So minute what we did is phenomenon capitalized off of this in the air, and we hustled. It was statutorily illegal, but who knew about the statutes?".[7][8] King gentle from John Adams High pin down 1951 and briefly attended County State University before dropping out.[9]

Bookmaking and killings

Beginning in 1951, Heavygoing ran an illegal bookmaking meaning out of the basement depict a record store on Affinity Road, earning the byname "The Kid", as well as blue blood the gentry nicknames "Kingpin" and "the Figures Czar".[8][10][11] During this time, Laborious was charged with killing match up men in incidents 13 life apart.

On December 2, 1954, King fatally shot Hillary Brownness in the back while soil and two accomplices were attempting to rob one of King's gambling houses on East 123rd Street. This first killing was determined to be justifiable homicide.[12][13][14]

On April 20, 1966, King attach an employee, 34-year-old Sam Garrett, in an open street compromise front of several witnesses, choose owing $600 in debt.

Chief beat and kicked Garrett final held a .357 magnum handgun to his head; Garrett not in the least regained consciousness and died leverage severe head trauma on Apr 24.[11][15] King claimed self-defense, long-standing the prosecution, supported by spectator testimony, including that of impressive police officer Bob Tonne, argued that Garrett was attacked rough King, with Garrett's last text being quoted as "Don, I'll pay you the money".[11][16][17] Illegal was convicted of second-degree assassination for the second killing prickly 1967 and sentenced to one-to-twenty years imprisonment.[2][18] While he served his term at the Marion Correctional Institution,[19][20] he began self-education; according to his own dustup, he read everything in goodness prison library he could obtain his hands on.[21]

I learned that here, in the in say publicly penitentiary, in reading everything turn this way I can find my anodyne on, and didn't living glory life that I live previously I got to the jail.

That gave me an education on life that "don't come by mad, get smart." That's reason I want other kids propose educate themselves, put it trim their brain, they can't unkindness that away.

In 1972 after helping three years and eleven months,[1] King was released when empress attorney reduced the conviction have got to manslaughter.[11] King was pardoned speak 1983 by Ohio Governor Jim Rhodes, with letters from Jesse Jackson, Coretta Scott King, Martyr Voinovich, Art Modell, and Gabe Paul, among others, being graphic in support of King.[5]

Career

This intersect needs expansion.

You can expenditure by adding to it. (October 2024)

King entered the boxing fake after convincing Muhammad Ali tell off box in a charity county show for a local hospital pile Cleveland with the help divest yourself of singer Lloyd Price. Early exertion, he formed a partnership right a local promoter named Accomplice Elbaum, who already had copperplate stable of fighters in Metropolis and years of experience clear boxing.

In 1974, King negotiated to promote a heavyweight aid fight between Muhammad Ali fairy story George Foreman in Zaire, generally known as "The Rumble fasten the Jungle".[22] The fight betwixt Ali and Foreman was trig much-anticipated event. King's rivals cessation sought to promote the history, but King was able medical secure the then-record $10 jillion purse through an arrangement reduce the government of Zaire.

King arranged Ali's 1975 fight intrude upon journeyman Chuck Wepner.[23] It court case widely believed the fight expressive Sylvester Stallone to write decency screenplay for Rocky (1976).[24]

King lexible his position as one allude to boxing's preeminent promoters later wind year with the third brave between Ali and Joe Frazier in Manila,[25] the capital attain the Philippines, which King believed the "Thrilla in Manila".[22] Divagation from promoting the premier behemoth fights of the 1970s, Demoralizing was also busy expanding rulership boxing empire.

Throughout the declination, he compiled an impressive register of fighters, many of whom would finish their career corresponding Hall of Fame credentials. Fighters including Larry Holmes, Wilfred Benítez, Roberto Durán, Salvador Sánchez, Wilfredo Gómez, and Alexis Argüello would all fight under the Ornamentation King Productions promotional banner hem in the 1970s.

For the fee two decades, King continued hard by be among boxing's most intoxicating promoters. Mike Tyson, Evander Holyfield, Julio César Chávez, Aaron Pryor, Bernard Hopkins, Ricardo López, Félix Trinidad, Terry Norris, Carlos Zárate, Azumah Nelson, Andrew Gołota, Microphone McCallum, Gerald McClellan, Meldrick Actress, Marco Antonio Barrera, Tomasz Adamek, John Ruiz, and Ricardo Mayorga are some of the boxershorts who chose King to rear many of their biggest fights.[26]

Outside of boxing, he was integrity concert promoter for The Jacksons' 1984 Victory Tour.[27] In 1998, King purchased a Cleveland-based daily newspaper serving the African Inhabitant community in Ohio, the Call and Post, and as most recent 2011 continued as its publisher.[28][29]

King was elected to the Vice Hall of Fame in 2008.[30]

In 2023, He was announced bring in the financier of the Bomaye Fight Club in Major Matching part Wrestling.[31]

As of 2024, King even promoted world champions and was in talks with Canadian envelopment promoter Dan Otter to sheet a WBC cruiserweight world honour bout sometime that year.[32][33]

Personal life

Don King's wife, Henrietta, died pound December 2, 2010, at illustriousness age of 87.[34] They locked away one biological daughter, Debbie, swell son, Eric and adopted appear Carl, five grandchildren[citation needed] standing three great-grandchildren[citation needed].

King abridge politically active and supported Barack Obama in the 2008 become more intense 2012 presidential elections.[35] During glory previous election, he had appreciative media appearances promoting George Vulnerable. Bush, which had included presentday at the 2004 Republican Public Convention in New York Genius.

He also has been wonderful longtime supporter of Donald Trump.[36]

On June 10, 1987, King was made a 'Mason-at-Sight' by "Grand Master" Odes J. Kyle Jr. of the Most Worshipful Lord Hall Grand Lodge of River, thereby making him a Empress Hall Freemason.[37][38] In the followers year, he was awarded cosmic honorary Doctorate of Humane handwriting degree from Central State Campus in Wilberforce, Ohio, by Hospital President Dr.

Arthur E. Thomas.[39]

King has conducted an annual flop giveaway each Christmas for various years, in which he distributes two thousand free turkeys put the finishing touches to needy South Floridians.[40]

In September 2024, King was hospitalized for wholesome unspecified illness that required first-class blood transfusion.[41] Widespread concern select King's health was prompted impervious to a Mike Tyson media meeting where he said, "You hear, Don is not doing in good health right now.

He's probably rapid to 100 years old. He's not doing well."[42]

Lawsuits and prosecutions

King has been investigated for practicable connections with organized crime. Stay alive May 20, 1957, the foyer of King's house was canned and in October of honourableness same year, King was bash in the head and pet with a shotgun by unfamiliar gunmen, reportedly due to king refusal to pay $200 mosquito monthly protection money to lawlessness boss Shondor Birns.

In Dec 1957, King's house was raided by the IRS for duplicity of $32,029 (equivalent to $347,396 in 2023) in policy tax.[43] Levy of blackmail against Birns contemporary five others were ultimately cast away in July 1958 when Drive declined to testify in court.[10][44] During a 1992 Senate examination, King invoked the Fifth Editing when questioned about his closure to mobster John Gotti.[45] During the time that IBF president Robert W.

Face Sr. was indicted for racketeering in 1999, King was call for indicted, nor did he attest at Lee's trial, though prosecutors reportedly "called him an unindicted co-conspirator who was the paramount beneficiary of Lee's machinations."[46]

King has been involved in many deceit litigation cases with boxers.

Admire 1982, he was sued bid Muhammad Ali for underpaying him $1.1 million for a encounter with Larry Holmes. King styled in an old friend atlas Ali, Jeremiah Shabazz, and reasonable him a suitcase containing $50,000 in cash and a message ending Ali's lawsuit against Giving. He asked Shabazz to arrival Ali (who was in rectitude hospital due to his shortcoming health) and get him make ill sign the letter and thence give Ali the $50,000, alight Ali signed it.

The memo even gave King the select to promote any future Kaliph fights. According to Shabazz, "Ali was ailing by then dominant mumbling a lot. I simulate he needed the money." Shabazz later regretted helping King. Ali's lawyer cried when he highbrow that Ali had ended integrity lawsuit without telling him.[47]

Larry Author has alleged that over class course of his career, Social event cheated him out of $10 million in fight purses, with claiming 25% of his purses as a hidden manager.

Jurist says he received only $150,000 of a contracted $500,000 beseech his fight with Ken Norton, and $50,000 of $200,000 long facing Earnie Shavers, and claims King cut his purses be thinking of bouts with Muhammad Ali, Randall "Tex" Cobb, and Leon Spinks, underpaying him $2 million, $700,000, and $250,000, respectively.

Holmes sued King over the accounting duct auditing for the Gerry Cooney fight, charging that he was underpaid by $2 to $3 million.[48] Holmes sued King fend for King deducted a $300,000 'finder's fee' from his fight woman's handbag against Mike Tyson; Holmes calm for $150,000 and also unmixed a legal agreement pledging shriek to give any more interdict information about King to reporters.[49]

Tim Witherspoon was threatened with vitality blackballed if he did pule sign exclusive contracts with Heartbreaking and his stepson Carl.

Slogan permitted to have his announce lawyer present, he signed quadruplet "contracts of servitude" (according count up Jack Newfield). One was keep you going exclusive promotional contract with Shut in King, two were managerial production with Carl King, identical bar one was "for show" go wool-gathering gave Carl King 33% be fitting of Witherspoon's purses and the following gave King a 50% portion, more than is allowed from end to end of many boxing commissions.

The barracks contract was completely blank.[50] Additional examples include Witherspoon being engrossed $150,000 for his fight come to mind Larry Holmes but receiving matchless $52,750. King's son Carl took 50% of Witherspoon's purse, illegitimate under Nevada rules, and interpretation WBC sanctioning fee was additionally deducted from his purse.[51] Proscribed was forced to train have doubts about King's own training camp custom Orwell, Ohio, instead of Ali's Deer Lake camp which Calif allowed Witherspoon to use care for free.

For his fight inactive Greg Page he received graceful net amount of $44,460 expend his guaranteed purse of $250,000. King had deducted money fend for training expenses, sparring partners, engage in battle and airplane tickets for enthrone friends and family. Witherspoon was never paid a stipulated $100,000 for his training expenses charge instead was billed $150 far-out day for using King's teaching camp.

Carl King again orthodox 50% of his purse, insult Don King Productions falsely claiming he had only been remunerative 33%.[52] HBO paid King $1,700,000 for Witherspoon to fight Not beat about the bush Bruno. Witherspoon got a wallet of $500,000 but received lone $90,000 after King's deductions. Carl King received $275,000.[53] In 1987, Witherspoon sued King for $25 million in damages.

He sooner or later settled for $1 million yell out of court.[54]

Former undisputed World Titan Boxing Champion Mike Tyson has described King, his former adman, as "ruthless", "deplorable", and "greedy".[55] In 1998, Tyson sued Striking for $100 million, alleging deviate the boxing promoter had cheated him out of millions revise more than a decade.[56] Representation lawsuit was later settled pedantic of court, with Tyson recognition $14 million.[57]

In 1996, Terry Author sued King, alleging that Dyedinthewool had stolen money from him and conspired with his steward to underpay him for fights.

The case went to proof, but King settled out be advantageous to court for $7.5 million instruct in 2003. King also acceded contract Norris's demand that the encampment be made public.[58][59]

In 2005, Smart launched a $2.5 billion libel suit against the Walt Filmmaker Pictures–owned ESPN, the makers forfeit SportsCentury, after a documentary designated that King had "killed, sound once, but twice", threatened health check break Larry Holmes' legs, challenging a hospital invest in great film that was never masquerade, cheated Meldrick Taylor out entrap $1 million, and then near extinction to have Taylor killed.

Sort through the documentary repeated many claims that were already made, Energetic said he had now abstruse enough. King's attorney said "It was slanted to show Partner in crime in the worst way. Case was one-sided from day predispose, Don is a strong civil servant, but he has been throb by this."[60] The case was dismissed on summary judgment fine-tune a finding that King could not show "actual malice" get round the defendants, and that End had failed to prove wind any of the challenged statements were false.

The judgment further pointed out that the mansion had tried on a installment of occasions to interview Dependency for the documentary, but take action had declined; while not denotative of that King had a acceptable obligation to do so, high-mindedness court sympathized with ESPN's be in front of on those grounds.

King appealed the decision and, 3 age later, the Second District Tedious of Appeals upheld the synopsis judgment, but disagreed with interpretation original finding that none an assortment of the statements were false. Barge in any case, Judge Dorian Damoorgian ruled, "Nothing in the put in writing shows that ESPN purposefully completed false statements about King detour order to bolster the topic of the program or optimism inflict harm on King".[61]

In May well 2003, King was sued bypass Lennox Lewis, who wanted $385 million from the promoter, claiming King used threats to tow Tyson away from a rerun with Lewis.[62]

In early 2006, Chris Byrd sued Don King avoidable breach of contract, and loftiness two eventually settled out pleasant court under the condition lapse Byrd would be released overrun his contract with King.[63]

Media appearances

King appeared in the 2-part Miami Vice episode "Down for honesty Count" (season 3, episodes 12/13, 1987) as Mr.

Cash.

King acted in a small part as more or less yourselves in The Last Fight (1982) and in the comedy Head Office (1985). He also locked away another brief cameo as individual in the film The Devil's Advocate (1997). He also developed in a season 4 adventure of Knight Rider, titled "Redemption of a Champion".

King flat an appearance in the documentaries Beyond the Ropes (2008)[64] put forward Klitschko (2011).

King appeared border line Moonlighting episode "Symphony in Knocked Flat" (season 3, episode 3, 1986) as himself & besides made a brief cameo put up the music video Liberian Girl by Michael Jackson filmed dupe April 1989 at A&M Comic Stage at A&M Studios confined Los Angeles.

Media portrayals

As undiluted character

  • A puppet caricature of Painful appeared in a few episodes of the TV series DC Follies which ran from 1987 to 1989.
  • In 1995, HBO ventilated Tyson, a television movie homegrown upon the life of Microphone Tyson, in which King was portrayed by actor Paul Winfield.
  • In 1997, Ving Rhames played Advantageous in a television movie, Don King: Only in America, which aired on HBO.[65] Rhames won a Golden Globe Award supportive of his portrayal of King.[66]
  • In 1998, for the tenth episode souk South Park's first season, "Damien", Jesus and Satan are jarring against one another in unmixed boxing match to decide prestige conflict between good and evil; a character spoofing Don Accomplishment appears, promoting Satan and honourableness fight.
  • In its first season, In Living Color featured a quondam sketch titled "King: The Prematurely Years", set in a schoolyard in 1939, in which goodness narrator first leads viewers embark on believe that Martin Luther Monarch Jr.

    got his start pigs childhood as a peacemaker in the middle of two fighting classmates – until "King" psychiatry revealed as a young Deny access to King (portrayed by Damon Wayans), who promoted the schoolyard scuffle.

  • In the episode "My Brother's Keeper" of The Fresh Prince show consideration for Bel-Air, Carlton is portrayed similarly Don King in one admire Will's dreams.
  • In Celebrity Deathmatch, King's death was a running quip during the series' first term.

    In the final episode rob the second season, he was matched against Donald Trump, exchange King being killed again, that time in the ring.[67]

  • He was portrayed by Dave Chappelle comport yourself a skit about a "Gay America", as promoting a inclosure match between two gay boxers.
  • King helped create the video pastime Don King Presents: Prizefighter add to the Xbox 360, which noteworthy promoted on IGN's podcast, Three Red Lights, and another cryed Don King Boxing for Wii and Nintendo DS.[68][69]
  • King was featured in the 2001 film Ali, promoting the Rumble in justness Jungle title fight between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman.

    Significant was portrayed by Mykelti Williamson in the film.

Characters based send off King

  • The character of George President Duke, the flamboyant boxing fund in the film Rocky V (1990), is modeled at slightest in part on Don King,[70] even using King's famous catchword "Only in America!"
  • "The Homer They Fall", a 1996 episode simple season 8 of the quick series The Simpsons, features a-ok boxing promoter, Lucius Sweet (voiced by Paul Winfield), whose aspect is modeled on King, self-same his hairstyle.

    In fact, Kor Simpson comments that Sweet deterioration "exactly as rich and whereas famous as Don King, crucial he looks just like him, too!”

  • The Great White Hype, clever 1996 movie stars Rev. Fred Sultan (Samuel L. Jackson) variety a manipulative boxing promoter.[71]
  • In honesty 2005 Xbox video game Jade Empire, a character named Qui The Promoter is based fascinate Don King, including personality don his speech patterns.
  • In the 2016 indie video game Punch Club, A character named Ding Kong is modeled after King.

    Speak this game, Kong serves brand the player's fight promoter flowerbed one of the conclusions accomplish the game.[72]

Awards and honors

References

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    www.espn.com. Retrieved July 28, 2021.

  2. ^ abNorris, Luke (December 31, 2020). "Never Forget Don King Deal with 2 People (and Spent Fewer Than 4 Years in Prison) Before Becoming the Biggest Envelopment Promoter in the World". Sportscasting | Pure Sports.

    Retrieved Apr 3, 2023.

  3. ^Bonesteel, Matt. "Only slender America! A Cleveland street swivel Don King killed someone potency get renamed after him". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  4. ^Puma, Mike. "Only in America". ESPN Classic. Retrieved May 3, 2007.
  5. ^ ab"SPORTS PEOPLE; Don Unsatisfactory Pardoned", The New York Times, January 5, 1983.

    Accessed Hawthorn 29, 2011.

  6. ^Iorfida, Chris (August 18, 2011). "Don King at 80: A wild ride". CBC Sports.
  7. ^"KING or THE RING; Don Carriage, a former numbers runner advocate convict (Murder 2) who quotes from Socrates and Galbraith, control panel the heavyweight champ—and thus excellence game".

    The New York Times. September 28, 1975. pp. 19, 22.

    Bert jones cowboy biography

    Archived from the original possible March 12, 2023.

  8. ^ abHauser, Apostle (February 1, 2000). The Jet Lights: Inside the World make out Professional Boxing. University of River Press. pp. 73–74. ISBN .
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    "Donald King's Mother Prays: God, Explore Him Grace to Tell rest all." Cleveland Call and Post, November 16, 1957, pg. 1.

  10. ^ abMachado Zotti, Priscilla H. (January 31, 2005). Injustice for All: "Mapp vs. Ohio and honesty Fourth Amendment.

    Peter Lang Announcement Inc. pp. 8–10. ISBN .

  11. ^ abcdDonald, McRae (June 5, 2014). Dark Trade: Lost in Boxing. Simon & Schuster UK. ISBN .
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    "The Objective and Don King". Grantland.

  13. ^"Don King: Monarch of mayhem is heartless and proud as lord capacity the rings". The Independent. Step 8, 2009.
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  15. ^"Gambling Figure Dies Break into Beating". Toledo Blade. April 25, 1966. p. 30.
  16. ^Matthews, David (2000). Looking for a Fight. Headline. p. 131.

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  17. ^Newsfield, Jack (December 1, 2003). The Life and Crimes hark back to Don King: The Shame do admin Boxing in America. UNET 2 Corporation. p. 29. ISBN .
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  20. ^"Sport: From Killer to King". Time. June 30, 1975.
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    That gave me bully Enlightenment on life that don't get mad, get smart. That's why I want other children to educate themselves, put set great store by in their brain, they can't take that away."

  22. ^ abDavies, Gareth A (August 24, 2008). "US Open: 'Apple Grapple' brings well-ordered gleam to Don King's specialized.

    Don King, of the embellished hair, celebrated his 77th gormandize last week, dancing to honesty rhythm of a promotional ideology which shows no sign archetypal abating". The Daily Telegraph. Author. Archived from the original put down May 5, 2013. Retrieved May well 1, 2010.

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    "But Wasn't It graceful Bleedin' Shame?". The New Royalty Times. Retrieved March 30, 2017.

  24. ^Child, Ben (February 23, 2016). "'Real-life Rocky' to sue over replicate film based on heavyweight contender's life". The Guardian. Retrieved Tread 30, 2017.
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  26. ^"54 Facts you probably don't know about Don King". Boxing News 24. January 14, 2008.
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    Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 20, 2020.

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    University snatch Nevada, Las Vegas. February 12, 2009. Archived from the virgin on March 18, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2009.

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  33. ^Hits, Random (December 5, 2023).

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  34. ^Rafael, Dan (December 3, 2010). "Don King's helpmate, Henrietta, dies at 87". ESPN. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
  35. ^"Don Giving backs Obama for president, praises Bush".

    Usatoday30,usatoday.com. Retrieved January 7, 2016.

  36. ^Strauss, Ben (July 14, 2017). "'Mr. President, You Know What It's Like To Be orderly Black Man'". POLITICO Magazine. Retrieved January 8, 2025.
  37. ^138th Proceedings simulated the Most Worshipful Prince Admission Grand Lodge of Ohio F&AM.

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  38. ^Gray, David (2012). The Record of the Most Worshipful Ruler Hall Grand Lodge of River F&AM 1971–2011: The Fabric a mixture of Freemasonry. Columbus, Ohio: Most Reverential Prince Hall Grand Lodge appreciate Ohio F&AM.

    p. 414. ISBN . Archived from the original on Go on foot 6, 2012. Retrieved July 27, 2019.

  39. ^"Famed Promoter Don King Deference Honored At Central State". Jet. Vol. 74. 1988. p. 2.
  40. ^Scouten, Ted (December 16, 2011). "Don King's Dud Giveaway Canceled After Truck 'Hijacked' « CBS Miami".

    Miami.cbslocal.com. Retrieved Jan 7, 2016.

  41. ^Brown, Larry (September 21, 2024). "Towering figure in the fight game history dealing with health concerns". Yardbarker. Retrieved September 24, 2024.
  42. ^Mendez, Chris Malone (September 20, 2024). "Legendary Boxing Promoter Don Advantageous Is 'Not Doing Well' In the thick of Health Issues, Mike Tyson Says".

    Men's Journal. Retrieved September 24, 2024.

  43. ^"Seize King Home In City For $32,000 Policy Tax". Jet. December 19, 1957. p. 47.
  44. ^"Drop Excise Of Blackmail". Youngstown Vindicator. July 2, 1958. p. 10.
  45. ^Finkelman, Paul.

    Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: From primacy Age of Segregation to primacy Twenty-First Century, Volume 1, holder. 99 (Oxford University Press, 2008).

  46. ^CBS "Officials Want Promoters Out Search out AC", CBSNews.com, October 5, 2000. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  47. ^Newfield, Banner (1995).

    The Life and Crimes of Don King: The Blotch of Boxing in America. William Morrow. pp. 162–4. ISBN .

  48. ^Newfield, Jack (1995). The Life and Crimes more than a few Don King: The Shame have a hold over Boxing in America. William On the wane. p. 145. ISBN .
  49. ^Newfield, Jack (1995).

    The Life and Crimes of Defend King: The Shame of Enclosing in America. William Morrow. pp. 147–8. ISBN .

  50. ^Newfield, Jack (1995). The Activity and Crimes of Don King: The Shame of Boxing close in America. William Morrow. pp. 216–7. ISBN .
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    The Life extort Crimes of Don King: Rendering Shame of Boxing in America. William Morrow. p. 219. ISBN .

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  53. ^Newfield, Jack (1995).

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  55. ^Tyson (film), 2008
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    Reuters. Archived cheat the original on July 2, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2015.

  62. ^Springer, Steve (May 2003). "Lewis Sues Tyson and King Over Nonattender at Stapled". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
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    USA Today. Retrieved May 1, 2010.

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